After several years of ill health, his father died in May 1905 at the age of 62. In September 1906, his mother decided to leave Greece with her sons. After two short stopovers in Venice and Milan, the family settled in Munich where Giorgio attended the Academy of Fine Arts whilst Andrea studied music. Giorgio studied the art of Arnold Böcklin and Max Klinger, and read the works of Nietzsche, Schopenhauer and Weininger with great interest. In June 1909, he joined his mother and brother in Milan. He painted Böcklin-inspired paintings during this period. He suffered from severe intestinal illness brought about by the death of his father.
In March 1910, the family moved to Florence where their paternal aunt and uncle lived. As de Chirico would later write in his Memoirs: “My health grew worse in Florence. Sometimes I painted small canvases. The Böcklin period had passed and I had begun to paint subjects in which I tried to express the strong and mysterious feeling I had discovered in Nietzsche’s writings: the melancholy of beautiful autumn afternoons in Italian cities”. He painted his first metaphysical painting entitled The Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon, inspired by a vision he had in Piazza Santa Croce. Prior to this painting, he executed The Enigma of the Oracle and later, The Enigma of the Hour as well as the famous self-portrait inscribed with the Nietszchean epigraph “Et quid amabo nisi quod aenigma est?” (And what shall I love, if not that which is enigma?). On 14 July 1911, he arrived in Paris, where he developed the Italian Piazza theme. In the autumn of 1912, he showed his work for the first time at Salon d’Automne. In March 1913, he exhibited at Salon des Indépendants. Picasso and Apollinaire took notice of his work. Apollinaire, who greatly admired his paintings, wrote a review of the exhibition the artist held in his studio in October in “L’Intransigeant”. He defined de Chirico as “the most surprising painter of the young generation”. In January 1914, the two began to collaborate with one another as seen in the artist’s letters to the poet. De Chirico introduced his brother Savinio to Apollinaire at the end of January. The two attended Les Soirées de Paris together. He met Paul Guillaume, his first dealer, as well as Ardengo Soffici, Constantin Brancusi, Max Jacob and André Derain. He painted his well-known Portrait of Apollinaire; the following year the poet dedicated the poem Océan de Terre to him. He started work on the Mannequin theme.
In May 1915, de Chirico and Savinio returned to Italy to report to the military authorities in Florence and were sent to Ferrara. De Chirico, assigned to non-combat duty, remained in Ferrara where he painted the first works on the Metaphysical Interior theme. During the same period, he painted The Great Metaphysician, Hector and Andromache, The Troubadour and The Disquieting Muses. In 1916, he met Filippo de Pisis who was just 20 years old at the time. In 1917, he spent a few months at the Villa del Seminario military hospital for nervous disorders where Carlo Carrà had also been admitted. He came into contact with the Dada circle of Tristan Tzara and the magazine “Dada 2”. He remained in touch with the Parisian milieu and continued to send his artwork to Paul Guillaume, who held an innovative exhibition on 3 November 1918 presenting the artist’s paintings on-stage at Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier accompanied by an introductory text. Apollinaire passed away on 9 November 1918. The essay Zeusi l’esploratore came out in the first issue of “Valori Plastici”, dedicated to the magazine’s founder Mario Broglio. In the essay, he proclaimed: “It is necessary to discover the demon in all things. […] It is necessary to discover the eye in all things. […] We are explorers ready for new departures”.
De Chirico moved to Rome on 1 January 1919, from where he kept up an intense correspondence with his fiancée Antonia Bolognesi, whom he met in the autumn of 1917 in Ferrara and intended to marry. The relationship came to an end in December 1919.
In February, he held his first solo show at Casa d’Arte Bragaglia in Rome. His essay entitled Noi Metafisici was published in “Cronache d’Attualità” in which he wrote: “Schopenhauer and Nietzsche were the first to teach the profound importance of the non-sense of life and how such non-sense can be transferred to Art […]. The capable and new craftsmen are philosophers who have surpassed philosophy”. During this period, his interest in the work of the Great Masters intensified. He became a frequent visitor of museums in Rome and Florence, executing a number of pastiches of works of the Italian Masters. He studied tempera and panel painting techniques in Florence. In 1921, he held a solo show at Galleria Arte in Milan. He began corresponding with André Breton the same year. He published articles on Raphael, Böcklin, Klinger, Previati, Renoir, Gauguin and Morandi in various periodicals. In 1922, an important exhibition of his work was held at Galerie Paul Guillaume in Paris which included 55 works. Breton wrote the introduction to the accompanying catalogue. In 1923, Paul Éluard and his wife Gala visited de Chirico whilst in Rome for the II Roman Biennial and purchased several of his paintings. He participated in the XIV Venice Biennial. During 1924 in Rome, he met his wife-to-be, the Russian ballerina and future archaeologist Raissa Gourevitch Krol. At the end of the year in Paris he designed the stage sets and costumes for Pirandello’s La Giara with music by Alfredo Casella for the Swedish Ballet Company. Rêve was published in the first issue of “La Révolution Surréaliste”, whilst he was immortalised by Man Ray in a famous group portrait. He settled permanently in the French capital in 1925.
He began work on the Metaphysics of Light and Mediterranean Myth themes, creating subject matter such as the Archaeologists, Horses by the Seashore, Trophies, Landscapes in a Room, Furniture in the Valley and the Gladiators. Following a solo show at Galerie Léonce Rosenberg, his recent work was heavily criticised by the Surrealists. By this time, his rupture with the group was definitive and destined to worsen in the years to come. De Chirico made the acquaintance of Albert C. Barnes, who would become an avid patron of his work. In 1928, Jean Cocteau’s Le Mystère Laïc – Essai d’étude indirecte was published with lithographs by the artist and Piccolo Trattato di Tecnica Pittorica [Breif treatise on Painting Technique] was published by Scheiwiller. In 1929, Pierre Levy’s Éditions du Carrefour published Hebdomeros, le peintre et son génie chez l’écrivain [The Painter and his Genius as a Writer]. He designed the costumes for Le Bal produced by Serge Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes (Monte Carlo, Paris and London). He exhibited in Italy and abroad (Paris, Berlin, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Brussels, London and New York).
During this period, he painted still lifes, portraits and female nudes of a luminous naturalism. Gallimard published Apollinaire’s Calligrammes illustrated with 66 lithographs by the artist, in which the Sun on the Easel theme first appeared. He married Raissa on 3 February 1930 when their relationship was already in difficulty. In the autumn, he met Isabella Pakszwer (later known as Isabella Far) who became his second wife and remained his life-long companion. His break-up with Raissa was complete by late 1931. De Chirico and Isabella moved to Florence where they stayed for a year. He exhibited at the XVIII Venice Biennial in the gallery dedicated to Italian artists in Paris. In 1933, he participated in Milan’s V Triennial for which he painted the monumental fresco La cultura italiana. He continued his work for the theatre, creating the set designs and costumes for I Puritani by Bellini for I Maggio Musicale Fiorentino (1933) and the set designs for D’Annunzio’s La figlia di Jorio directed by Pirandello at Rome’s Teatro Argentina. In 1934, he illustrated Cocteau’s Mythologie with ten lithographs on the Mysterious Baths theme. He participated in the II Roman Quadrennial with 45 paintings of which seven from this new theme.
The 80-year-old artist could work freely once more following a period in which his time had been occupied with filling art commission contracts. He began a phase of research known as Neometaphysical Art, in which he re-elaborated subject matter from his painting and graphic work of the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s. Subjects such as the Mannequin, the Troubadour, the Archaeologists, the Gladiators, the Mysterious Baths and the Sun on the Easel were interpreted in a different light with brighter colours and serene atmospheres compared to the disquieting mood seen in his early metaphysical period. With profound poetry, new combinations of subjects appeared within the innovative spatial compositions such as the Italian Piazza and the Metaphysical Interior, newly inhabited by mythological characters such as Minerva and Mercury.
In 1970, an important retrospective of the artist’s work was held at Palazzo Reale in Milan. In 1971, Claudio Bruni Sakraischik began publishing the Catalogo generale di Giorgio de Chirico [Catalogue of Works]. The following year, De Chirico by de Chirico was held at the New York Cultural Center including 182 works from the artist’s collection including paintings, drawings, sculptures and lithographs. De Chirico travelled to New York for the occasion. In 1973, he created the Mysterious Baths Fountain in Milan’s Sempione Park for the XV Triennial. The same year, he travelled to Greece where the documentary, Il mistero dell’infinito was filmed for RAI television. In November 1974, he was elected to the Academy of France.
On 20 November 1978, Giorgio de Chirico died in Rome at 90 years of age. In 1992, his remains were transferred to the San Francesco a Ripa church, located in the Trastevere quarter of Rome.
Giorgio de Chirico’s prolific literary activity traces the entire arc of his long life and is characterised by a wide variety of genres and styles, ranging from theoretical and critical essays to numerous philosophic studies, polemic articles and reviews, poetry and prose, autobiographies, novels, drama and, of course, correspondence, both personal and work-related. In addition to his first theorisation of Metaphysical Art, his written work focuses on modern art and classical art, as well as on the work of the Great Masters of the past and on contemporary artists. His collected writings also include various treatises on painting technique and on the concept of Theatre.
This section presents a list of Giorgio de Chirico’s collected writings and a selection of essays translated into English.
The Collected Poems were published in English translation by Willard Bohn (from French) and by Stefania Heim (from Italian) in “Metaphysical Art” n. 14/16 (2016).
For indications regarding the organisation, provenance and date of the poems please see the Introductory Note. For information regarding publication, please consult the Bibliographic Note.
The script was published in the Foundation’s periodical “Metafisica” (n. 3/4, 2004) and can be consulted in this section in the original French. As Jole de Sanna points out in the Introductory Note, the author was inspired by the Ballet Russes with particular focus on the relationships that develop between actors, musicians and choreographers during the production of a ballet.
List of the principal publications on Giorgio de Chirico’s art comprising of monographs and recent exhibition catalogues* (with no claim of completeness)
Fabio Benzi, Giorgio de Chirico. La vita e l’opera, La nave di Teseo, Milan 2019
Giorgio de Chirico. Ritorno al futuro, exhibition catalogue edited by Lorenzo Canova and Riccardo Passoni, Gangemi Editore, Rome 2019
Giorgio de Chirico. Il volto della Metafisica, exhibition catalogue edited by Victoria Noel-Johnson, Skira, Milan 2019
Giorgio de Chirico – The Changing Face of Metaphysical Art, exhibition catalogue edited by Victoria Noel-Johnson, Skira, Milan 2019
Riccardo Dottori, Giorgio de Chirico. Immagini metafisiche, La nave di Teseo, Milan 2018
Giorgio de Chirico, Lettere 1909-1929, edited by Elena Pontiggia, Silvana Editoriale, Cinisello Balsamo 2018
Valentina Malerba, Giorgio de Chirico, Zeusi l’esploratore (1918) e la corrispondenza con Giuseppe Raimondi, Raffaelli Editore, Rimini 2018
Victoria Noel-Johnson, De Chirico and the United Kingdom (c. 1916-1978), Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM) 2017
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo generale – opere dal 1912 al 1976, Presentation by Paolo Picozza, Introduction by Claudio Strinati, vol. 1/2014, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM)
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo generale – opere dal 1910 al 1975, vol. 2/2015, Presentation by Paolo Picozza, Introduction by Fabio Benzi, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM)
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo generale – opere dal 1913 al 1976, vol. 3/2016, Presentation by Paolo Picozza, Introduction by Maurizio Calvesi, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM)
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo generale – opere dal 1913 al 1975, vol. 4/2018, Presentation by Paolo Picozza, Introduction by Lorenzo Canova, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM)
“Metafisica. Quaderni della Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico”, current issue n. 17/18, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM) 2018. The journal’s articles can be downloaded free of charge in pdf format from this website.
“Metaphysical Art – The de Chirico Journals”, current issue n. 17/18, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM) 2019. The journal’s articles can be downloaded free of charge in pdf format from this website.
Giorgio de Chirico e la Neometafisica, exhibition catalogue edited by Vittorio Sgarbi in collaboration with Maria Letizia Rocco, Maggioli Musei, Osimo 2018
El mundo de Giorgio de Chirico – Sueño o realidad, exhibition catalogue edited by Mariastella Margozzi and Katherine Robinson, Viena Ediciones, Ediciones Invisibles, Barcelona 2017
Giorgio de Chirico. Metaphysical Visions, exhibition catalogue edited by G. Mercurio in collaboration with Tat’jana
Goryacheva and Victoria Noel-Johnson, catalogue Istituto Italiano di Cultura, Moscow 2017
Giorgio de Chirico. Rays of Light in Italian Modern Art, exhibition catalogue edited by Giovanna Rasario, Valerio Dehò, Zhang Xi and Sergio Fintoni, Shanghai 2017
Giorgio de Chirico. The Enigma of the World, exhibition catalogue edited by Fabio Benzi, Suna and Inan Kiraç Foundation, Istanbul 2016
Giorgio de Chirico. Return to the Castle, exhibition catalogue edited by Mariastella Margozzi and Katherine Robinson, Artes, Conversano 2016
De Chirico. La Ricostruzione, exhibition catalogue edited by Claudio Strinati, Metamorfosi Art Gallery, Spoleto, 2016
Eugenio Bolognesi, Alceste: una storia d’amore ferrarese, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM) 2015
Eugenio Bolognesi, Alcestis: A Ferrara Love Story, Maretti Editore, Falciano (RSM) 2016
Giorgio de Chirico. Gioco e Gioia della Neometafisica, exhibition catalogue edited by Lorenzo Canova, Regia Edizioni, Campobasso 2014
Salvatore Vacanti, Piccolo trattato di tecnica pittorica di Giorgio de Chirico, Teoria e prassi del “ritorno al mestiere” (1919-1928), Nardini Editore, Florence 2014
Giorgio de Chirico e l’oggetto misterioso, exhibition catalogue edited by Victoria Noel-Johnson in collaboration with Simona Bartolena, Silvana Editoriale, Milan 2014
D’après Giorgio, exhibition catalogue edited by Luca Lo Pinto, BoaBooks, Ginevra 2013
Giorgio de Chirico – Portraiture: Figure and Form, exhibition catalogue edited by Katherine Robinson, Maretti Editore (RSM) 2013
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo ragionato dell’opera sacra, edited by Giovanni Gazzaneo and Elena Pontiggia, Silvana Editoriale, Milan 2012
Giorgio de Chirico. L’Apocalisse e la luce, exhibition catalogue edited by Giovanni Gazzaneo and Elena Pontiggia, Silvana Editoriale, Milan 2012
De Chirico. Il sentimento dell’architettura. Opere della Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, edited by Maddalena D’Alfonso, Brasile 2012
Nikolaos Velissiotis, La nascita della “Metafisica” nell’arte di Giorgio de Chirico, Centro Ellenico di Cultura, Milan 2011
La Natura secondo de Chirico, exhibition catalogue edited by Achille Bonito Oliva, Sole24Ore, Milan 2010
Lorenzo Canova, Nelle Ombre Lucenti di de Chirico, DEd’A, Rome 2010
Domenico Guzzi, Giorgio de Chirico, Dall’immaginario invisibile all’immaginato visibile entrando e uscendo dai tempi, dalla storia e da sé stesso, Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, Rome 2010
Giorgio de Chirico: la Casa Museo, edited by Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, Florence 2009
La magia della linea: 110 disegni di de Chirico dalla Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, exhibition catalogue edited by Elena Pontiggia, Skira, Milan 2009
Giorgio de Chirico. La Fabrique des rêves, exhibition catalogue edited by Jacqueline Munck, ed PARIS Museés, Paris 2009
Claudio Crescentini, Giorgio de Chirico. L’enigma velato, Edizioni Erreciemme, Rome 2009
Giovanni Lista, Giorgio de Chirico – suivi de L’Art métaphysique, Bibliothèque Hazan, Paris 2009
El siglo de Giorgio de Chirico: Metafisica y arquitectura, exhibition catalogue edited by Vincenzo Trione, Skira, Milan 2008
Giorgio de Chirico. La “Metafisica continua”, exhibition catalogue edited by Maurizio Calvesi, Silvana Editoriale, Milan 2008
Giorgio de Chirico, Scritti/1. Romenzi e scritti critici e teorici 1911-1945, edited by Andre Cortellessa, Bompiani, publication directed by Achille Bonito Oliva, Milan 2008
Giorgio de Chirico. Disegno, edited by Jole de Sanna, Mondadori Electa, Milan 2004
“Nulla sine tragoedia gloria”. L’opera di Giorgio de Chirico attraverso la storiografia contemporanea, aedited by Claudio Crescentini, Conference proceedings 15-16 October 1999, Artout-Maschietto Editore, Florence 2002
Wieland Schmied, The Endless Journey, Prestel Verlag, New York 2002
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo dell’opera grafica, edited by Antonio Vastano (1921-1969), Eduardo Brandani (1969-1977), Edizioni Bora, Bologna 1999
Giorgio de Chirico. La Metafisica del Mediterraneo, exhibition catalogue edited by Jole de Sanna, Rizzoli, Milan 1998
De Chirico and the Mediterranean, exhibition catalogue edited by Jole de Sanna, Rizzoli, Milan 1998
De Chirico. Gli Anni Trenta, exhibition catalogue edited by Maurizio Fagiolo dell’Arco, Mazzotta Editore, Milan 1998
Maurizio Fagiolo dell’Arco, Giorgio de Chirico. Metafisica dei Bagni misteriosi, Skira, Milan 1998
La nuova Metafisica, exhibition catalogue edited by Maurizio Calvesi, Edizioni De Luca, Rome 1995
De Chirico. Gli Anni Trenta, exhibition catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Skira, Milano 1995
De Chirico nel centenario della nascita, exhibition catalogue edited by Maurizio Calvesi, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milan – De Luca Edizioni d’Arte, Rome 1988
De Chirico and America, exhibition catalogue edited by Emily Braun, Umberto Allemandi & CO., Turin 1996
Giorgio de Chirico. L’art métaphysique. Textes réunis, edited by Giovanni Lista, L’Échoppe, Paris 1994
De Chirico. Gli Anni Venti, exhibition catalogue edited by Maurizio Fagiolo dell’Arco, Mazzotta Editore, Milan 1986
L’opera completa di de Chirico, 1908-1924, edited by Maurizio Fagiolo dell’Arco, Classici Rizzoli, Milan 1985
Maurizio Calvesi, La metafisica schiarita: Da de Chirico a Carrà, da Morandi a Savinio, Feltrinelli, Milan 1982
Giorgio de Chirico, exhibition catalogue edited by William Rubin, The Museum of Modern Art, New York 1982
Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978, exhibition catalogue edited by Pia Vivarelli, Rome, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna, De Luca Editore, Rome 1981
La Metafisica – Museo documentario, exhibition catalogue edited by Maurizio Calvesi, Ester Coen, Giovanna Dalla Chiesa, Ferrara, Palazzo Massari 1981
Costanzo Costantini, Il pittore glorioso, Giorgio de Chirico e i suoi 90 anni, Sugarco Edizioni, Milan 1978
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo generale, aedited by Claudio Bruni Sakraischik, otto volumi, Electa Milan 1971-1987
Giorgio de Chirico, edited by James Thrall Soby, ed. The Museum of Modern Art, New York 1955
The Early Chirico, edited by James Thrall Soby, ed. The Museum of Modern Art, New York 1941
* Please note that the presence on this list in no way implies an automatic endorsement of authenticity, on behalf of Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, regarding the attribution to Giorgio de Chirico of works on show in the exhibitions listed, reproduced in the relative catalogues or included as illustrations within an author’s essay published therein.
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo ragionato dell’opera sacra, edited by Elena Pontiggia and Giovanni Gazzaneo, Silvana Editoriale, Cinisello Balsamo 2012
Catalogo Generale – Giorgio de Chirico, edited by Claudio Bruni Sakraischik, 8 tomes of 3 volumes each, tomes I-VI, 1971-1976; tome VII, 1983; tome VIII, 1987, Electa, Milan.
L’opera completa di de Chirico: 1908-1924, edited by Maurizio Fagiolo dell’Arco, Rizzoli, Milan 1984; second edition 1999.
De Chirico. Catalogo delle opere grafiche (incisioni e litografie) 1921-1969, edited by Alfonso Ciranna, Ciranna, Milan 1969.
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo dell’opera grafica I, 1921-1969, edited by Antonio Vastano, Bora, Bologna 1996.
Giorgio de Chirico. Catalogo dell’opera grafica II, 1969-1977, edited by Edoardo Brandani, Bora, Bologna 1999.
Giorgio de Chirico. Giorgio de Chirico. Disegno. Opere della Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico,edited by Jole de Sanna, Mondadori Electa, Milan 2004.
De Chirico Scultore, edited by Giovanna Dalla Chiesa, Milano, Giorgio Mondadori & Associati, Milan 1988.
1970
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by R. Negri, F. Russoli, W. Schmied, Milan, Palazzo Reale.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by W. Schmied, Hannover, KestnerGesellschaft in der Orangerie Herrenhausen.
I de Chirico di de Chirico, catalogue edited by W. Schmied, Ferrara, Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna, Palazzo dei Diamanti.
Omaggio a Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by P. Skinas, Milan, Galleria Alexandre Jolas.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Jolas, Paris, Galleria Petit.
1971
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by C. B. Sakraischik, Rome, Galleria La Medusa.
Giorgio de Chirico, Verona, Galleria dello Scudo.
Giorgio de Chirico, Milan, Galleria Alexandre Jolas.
I grandi maestri italiani. Giorgio de Chirico, Milan, Galleria Seno.
Giorgio de Chirico sculture 1968-1971, catalogue edited by A. Schubert, Milan, Alberto Schubert Arte Moderna.
Giorgio de Chirico. L’immagine dell’infinito, catalogue edited by R. Carrieri, L. Cavallo, Milan, Galleria Medea.
1972
De Chirico by de Chirico, catalogue edited by D.H. Karshan, New York, The New York Cultural Center; Toronto, Art Gallery of Ontario.
Giorgio de Chirico disegni 1919-1923, Rome, Galleria Odyssia.
Giorgio de Chirico, Florence, Galleria d’Arte Moderna Sangallo.
Giorgio de Chirico. L’immagine dell’infinito, catalogue edited by R. Carrieri, L. Cavallo, F. Russoli, Cortina d’Ampezzo, Galleria d’arte Medea; Montecatini Terme, Internazionale – Galleria d’Arte Moderna; Rome, Dimensione – Centro d’Arte.
Omaggio a Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by V. Guzzi, Reggio Calabria, Museo Nazionale.
1973
Giorgio de Chirico, Genoa, Galleria Rotta.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Porcella, Rome, Galleria Ca’ d’Oro.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Ballis, Venezia, Galleria S. Stefano.
De Chirico presenta de Chirico, Kamakura, Museo Comunale d’Arte Moderna della Provincia di Kanagawa; Tokyo, Museo Cantonale d’Arte (1974); Kyoto, Museo Nazionale d’Arte Moderna; Nagoya, Museo d’Arte della Provincia di Aiki.
Scene e costumi, Turin, Palazzo Madama.
1974
De Chirico 56, Palermo, Galleria La Tavolozza.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by G. Marchiori, Venezia, Galleria S. Stefano.
De Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Porcella, Rome, Galleria Ca’ d’Oro.
G. de Chirico, catalogue edited by W. Schmied, Paris, Musée Marmottan; Neuchâtel, Paul Att inger SA.
Hommage à Giorgio de Chirico, Paris, Galerie Françoise Petit.
1975
De Chirico, Verona, Galleria dello Scudo.
Giorgio de Chirico grafiek, S’Hertogenbosch, Noordbrabants Museum.
Giorgio de Chirico, Lugano, Galleria Blumen.
1976
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by C. Bruni Sakraischik, Rome, Galleria La Medusa.
Exposition Giorgio de Chirico: peintures, sculptures, aquarelles, edited by F. Labisse, Brussels , Galerie Isy Brachot.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by F. Labisse. London, Wildenstein Gallery, New York, Wildenstein Gallery.
1977
Omaggio a de Chirico, catalogue edited by E. Turelli, Montecatini Terme, Accademia d’Arte Dino Scalabrino.
1978
Omaggio a Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by E. Natali, Cortina d’Ampezzo, Galleria d’Arte Moderna F. Falsetti.
1979
Pictor optimus pinxit. Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978, edited by G. Ruggeri, Bologna, Galleria Marescalchi.
La Pittura Metafisica, catalogue edited by G. Briganti, E. Coen, Venezia, Palazzo Grassi.
Giorgio de Chirico 1921-1970, Rome, Galleria Marino.
30 anni di storia della Galleria, Venezia, Galleria S. Stefano.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by G. Landon, Paris, Artcurial.
1980
L’atelier intime de Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Parinand, Cagnes sur Mer, Château-musée de Cagnes.
1981
Giorgio de Chirico, Le Havre, Musée des Beaux Arts André Malraux.
Omaggio a de Chirico, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, E. Turelli, Locarno, Palazzo Sopracenerina.
Omaggio a de Chirico, catalogue edited by E. Turelli, Pistoia, Galleria D’Arte Turelli.
La Metafisica. Museo Documentario, catalogue edited by M. Calvesi, G. Dalla Chiesa, E. Coen, Ferrara, Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna Palazzo Massari.
Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978, catalogue edited by P. Vivarelli, G. de Marchis, Rome, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by P. Pacini, Cortina d’Ampezzo, Galleria d’Arte Moderna Farsetti; Prato, Galleria d’Arte Moderna Farsetti.
Giorgio de Chirico, otto figurini per « La morte di Niobe » di Alberto Savinio (1924), catalogue edited by F. Gualdoni, Milan, Galleria Interarte.
G. de Chirico grafica e sculture, Aosta, Tour-Fromage.
1982
Warhol verso de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Bonito Oliva, Rome, Campidoglio.
De Chirico, catalogue edited by W. Rubin, New York, The Museum of Modern Art; London, The Tate Gallery.
De Chirico (Olii e Sculture), Tokyo, The Seibu Museum of Art. Nagoya; Osaka.
Giorgio De Chirico, catalogue edited by W. Rubin, W. Schmied, J. Clair, Monaco di Baviera Haus der Kunst; Paris, Centre Georges Pompidou (1983).
I de Chirico di Sacerdoti opere dal 1922-1959, catalogue edited by C.B. Sakraischik, Rome, Galleria la Medusa.
1983
Giorgio de Chirico. Le retour de l’enfant prodigue, catalogue edited by I. Far, W. Schmied, M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Paris, Centre d’Art Plastique Contemporain Artcurial.
Pictor Optimus. Omaggio a Giorgio de Chirico, Riccione, Galleria la Tavolozza.
1984
Giorgio de Chirico. Il ritorno del cavaliere errante, catalogue edited by C. Siniscalco, Villongo (Bergamo), Palazzo Conti Passi.
Giorgio de Chirico opere grafiche, catalogue edited by C. Siniscalco, Tivoli, Centro Culturale “Rocca Pia”.
Giorgio de Chirico Post-Metaphysical and Baroque Paintings, 1920-1970, edited by C B. Sakraischik, R. Pincus-Witten, R. Miller, New York, Robert Miller Gallery.
1985
Giorgio de Chirico opere 1924-1973, catalogue edited by F. Quarantotto, Caserta, Palazzo Reale.
Late de Chirico 1940-1976, London, Riverside Studios.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, G. dalla Chiesa, C. Siniscalco, Ferrara, Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna, Palazzo dei Diamanti.
Giorgio de Chirico “Pictor Optimus”, catalogue edited by C. Siniscalco, W. Schmied, Bolzano, Castel Mareccio.
De Chirico. Neo- Baroque, Paris, Artcurial.
Giorgio de Chirico album di disegni, Rome, Galleria Anna D’Ascanio.
1986
De Chirico, catalogue edited by C. Gian Ferrari, Milan, Galleria Gian Ferrari.
De Chirico. Gli Anni Venti, exhibition curated by M. Di Carlo, M. Simonetti, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Verona, Galleria d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea Palazzo Forti, Galleria dello Scudo; Milan, Palazzo Reale, 1987.
Giorgio de Chirico. La parola e l’immagine. Disegni, litografie e sculture, Parma, Assessorato alle Attività Culturali del Comune di Parma, Nuova Galleria del Teatro.
1987
La donazione Pakszswer de Chirico alla Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna di Rome, catalogue edited by A. Monferini. Rome, Complesso Monumentale del San Michele.
Giorgio de Chirico, Cortina D’Ampezzo, Cortina, Galleria Marescalchi.
1988
Giorgio de Chirico. Dalla partenza degli Argonauti alla vita silente, catalogue edited by C. Gian Ferrari, Lerici, Castello Monumentale; Saragozza, Sala del Museo Pablo Gargallo.
Giorgio de Chirico: Arma virumque cano. Il mito classico dell’eroe guerriero, catalogue edited by D. Guzzi, Rome, Leonardo Arte.
De Chirico nel centenario della nascita, catalogue edited by M. Calvesi, Venezia, Museo Correr – Ala Napoleonica.
I de Chirico e i Savinio al Teatro della Scala, catalogue edited by R. Bossaglia, Milan, Ridott o della Scala.
Giorgio de Chirico, multipli – minisculture – sculture – gioiello, Spello, Vecchio Palazzo Comunale.
1989
Giorgio de Chirico 1920-1950, catalogue edited by M. Di Carlo, Principato di Monaco, Sale del Palazzo del Governo.
De Chirico. Le armi e l’eroe, catalogue edited by D. Guzzi, Argenta 1989, Convento dei Cappuccini.
Presenze 1900-1945, Venezia, Palazzo Grassi.
Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978, A. Monferini, Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico; Tokyo, Odakyu Grand Gallery Shinjuku; Kagawa, Takamatsu City Museum of Art; Osaka, Museo Daimaru-Umeda (1990).
1990
On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930, London, The Tate Gallery.
Giorgio de Chirico 1920-1950, catalogue edited by M. Di Carlo, New York, Borghi & Co.
1991
De Chirico, il Barocco. Dipinti degli anni ’30-’50, catalogue edited by L. Cavallo, M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Cortina d’Ampezzo, Galleria d’Arte Moderna Farsetti.
Giorgio de Chirico all’epoca del Surrealismo, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Lugano, Dream Gallery.
Un Museo immaginario per Giorgio de Chirico. 22 progetti, catalogue edited by D. Guzzi, G. Strappa, Studio S/arte contemporanea; Rome, Accademia di Villa Massimo.
1992
Giorgio de Chirico. Pictor Optimus, catalogue edited by M. Calvesi, Rome, Carte Segrete.
1993
Giorgio de Chirico 1920-1950, Chiba, Museo Dipartimentale; Tokyo, Museo Teien; Osaka, Museo Navio; Hiroshima, Museo Fukuyama.
Giorgio de Chirico. Obra selecta, Mexico City, Museo de Arte Moderno.
Giorgio de Chirico. Pictor Optimus, catalogue edited by F. Benzi, M.G. Tolomeo Speranza, Rome, Palazzo delle Esposizioni; Genoa, Palazzo Ducale (1993).
1994
Giorgio de Chirico nelle collezioni della Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna. 78 opere dal 1909 al 1975, catalogue edited by A. Monferini, L. Velani, Rome, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea.
Giorgio de Chirico. Betraying the Muse, de Chirico and Surrealists, edited by P. Baldacci, New York, Paolo Baldacci Gallery.
1995
De Chirico. La nuova Metafisica, catalogue edited by M. Calvesi, M. Ursino, San Marino, Palazzo dei Congressi.
Giorgio de Chirico et le mythe grec, catalogue edited by Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, Andros, Musée d’Art Contemporain; Volos.
1996
Giorgio de Chirico and America, catalogue edited by E. Braun, New York, The Bertha and Karl Leubsdorf Art Gallery at Hunter College of the City University of New York.
Giorgio de Chirico e il Mito 1920-1970, catalogue edited by M. Ursino, Aosta, Centro Saint-Bénin.
1997
Giorgio de Chirico. I gioielli della pittura, catalogue cura di M. Ursino, Vicenza, Ente Fiera.
Vita silente. Giorgio de Chirico dalla Metafisica al Barocco, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Acqui Terme, Palazzo Liceo Saracco.
Arnold Böcklin, Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst: Eine Reise ins Ungewisse, catalogue edited by G. Magnaguagno, J. Steiner, Zurigo, Kunsthaus Zürich. Monaco, Haus Der Kunst; Berlino, Nationalgalerie (1998).
1998
Giorgio de Chirico. Pinturas e esculturas, edited by A. Bonito Oliva, San Paolo del Brasile, Museo Brasileiro da Marilisa Rathsam.
Giorgio de Chirico. Il mito, le armi e l’eroe, catalogue edited by D. Guzzi, Colonnella, Centro Storico.
De Chirico. La Metafisica del Mediterraneo, catalogue edited by J. de Sanna – Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, Taranto, Castello Aragonese;
De Chirico and the Mediterranean, catalogue edited by J. de Sanna, Rizzoli New York.
De Chirico. Gli Anni Trenta, catalogue edited by M. Di Carlo, M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, M. Simonetti, catalogue edited by M. Di Carlo, M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Verona, Galleria dello Scudo, Museo di Castelvecchio.
Il futuro alle spalle. Italia – Francia. L’arte tra le due guerre, catalogue edited by F. Pirani, Rome, Palazzo delle Esposizioni. XIII Quadriennale di Rome, Valori Plastici, Rome, Palazzo delle Esposizioni.
Giorgio de Chirico Metafisica dei bagni misteriosi, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Vicenza, LAMeC, Basilica Palladiana e Amedeo Porro Arte Moderna e Contemporanea.
1999
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by J. de Sanna, Cankarjev Dom, Lubiana.
De Chirico alla Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Florence, catalogue edited by P. C. Lazzeri, Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Antichi Lavatoi.
Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978 dipinti e sculture, catalogue edited by G. Barberis, F. Poli, Cherasco, Palazzo Salmatoris.
2000
De Chirico. Metafísica del tiempo, catalogue edited by J. de Sanna, Centro Cultural, Borges Buenos Aires.
Giorgio de Chirico. A Metaphysical Life, catalogue edited by S. Kijima, M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Tokyo, The Bunkamura Museum of Art; Ishikawa (2001); Oita, Kyoto.
De Chirico. La Metafisica del paesaggio 1909-1970, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Arezzo, Galleria comunale d’arte moderna.
Giorgio de Chirico. La Metafisica del Mediterraneo, catalogue edited by J. de Sanna – Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, Milan, Spazio Oberdan.
De Chirico, Giorgio. Ritratti, figure e manichini fino alla Nuova Metafisica, catalogue edited by L. M. Barbero, Modena, Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio.
Novecento. Arte e storia in Italia, catalogue edited by M. Calvesi, P. Ginsborg, F. Pirani, Rome, Scuderie Papali al Quirinale, Mercati di Traiano.
2001
Giorgio de Chirico. Les dix dernières années 1968-1978, catalogue edited by L. Busine, Charleroi, Palais des Beaux Arts.
L’Apocalypse Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by L. Busine, Charleroi, Palais des Beaux Arts.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by D. Sacerdoti, Milan, Galleria d’Arte Sacerdoti.
Giorgio de Chirico Capolavori ed opere scelte nelle collezioni piemontesi e lombarde, catalogue edited by M. Boscolo, C. Occhipinti, Fondazione Art Museo, Arona, Villa Ponti.
Die andere Moderne: de Chirico-Savinio, catalogue edited by P. Baldacci, W. Schmied, M. Holzhey, G. Roos, Düsseldorf, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen; Monaco di Baviera, Städtische Galerie im Lenbachaus (2002).
Giorgio de Chirico. Romentico e Barocco gli anni Quaranta e Cinquanta, catalogue edited by M. Fagiolo dell’Arco, Galleria d’Arte Moderna Farsett i, Cortina, Prato, Milan.
2002
Omaggio a de Chirico. Nove capitoli della sua vita artistica in 46 confronti, catalogue edited by G. Roos, A. M. Sette, Rome, Studio d’Arte Campaiola.
Giorgio de Chirico dalla Metafisica alla “Metafisica”, catalogue edited by V. Sgarbi, Potenza, Pinacoteca Provinciale.
Giorgio de Chirico, miti, enigmi, inquietudini, catalogue edited by M. Calvesi, Palermo, Palazzo Ziino.
Giorgio de Chirico and the Myth of Ariadne, catalogue edited by M.R. Taylor, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art.
Le Stanze dell’Arte: Figure e immagini del XX secolo, catalogue edited by G. Belli, Rovereto, Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto (MART).
Giorgio de Chirico – Pictor Optimus, catalogue edited by C. Strinati, A. Tajani, Brussels , Parlamento Europeo.
2003
Giorgio de Chirico cavaliere dell’immaginazione errante nell’immaginario, catalogue edited by D. Guzzi, Chieti, Museo Archeologico Nazionale d’Abruzzo.
De Chirico et la peinture italienne de l’entre-deux guerres, Lodève, Musée de Lodève – Hôtel du Cardinal de Fleury.
Giorgio de Chirico – Gladiatori, catalogue edited by P. Baldacci, Biumo (Varese), Villa Litta – Menafoglio.
Ariadne. The sleeping nymph, edited by H.H. Brummer, Stoccolma, Prins Eugens Waldemarsudde.
Metafisica, catalogue edited by E. Coen, Rome, Scuderie del Quirinale.
Artemicrania? Opere e parole tra mal di testa e metafisica opere di Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by G. Porcella, Rome, Associazione Brutium.
Meta.fisica – Arte e filosofi a da de Chirico all’arte concettuale, catalogue edited by V. Dehò, Merano.
2004
Il grande Metafisico. Giorgio de Chirico scultore, catalogue edited by F. Ragazzi, Cremona, Palazzo Trecchi.
La Passione secondo de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Bonito Oliva, Rome, Chiesa di San Francesco d’Assisi a Ripa Grande; Napoli, Complesso Museale di Santa Chiara (2005).
Metafisico Primo il Grande Giorgio e qualche amico pittore: Soffici, de Pisis, Carrà, Morandi, Rosai, catalogue edited by F. Calarota, Bologna, Galleria d’Arte Maggiore.
A Triple Alliance. Giorgio de Chirico, Francis Picabia, Andy Warhol, catalogue edited by E. Sperone, New York, Sperone Westwater Gallery.
2006
Italia Nova. Une aventure de l’Art Italien. 1900-1950, catalogue edited by Réunion des musées nationaux, Paris, e del Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto (MART), Paris, Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais.
Enigma variations: Philippe Guston and Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by M.R. Taylor e L. Melandri, Santa Monica, Santa Monica Museum of Art.
Giorgio de Chirico, catalogue edited by M. Mucciaccia, Rome, Galleria Mucciaccia.
Giorgio de Chirico. Segno del Genio, catalogue edited by L. La Rocca, Palermo, Galleria La Rocca.
Giorgio de Chirico L’enigma e la Gloria, catalogue edited by C. Crescentini, T. Sicoli, M. Calvesi, Catanzaro, Complesso Monumentale del San Giovanni.
La famiglia de Chirico. I geni della pittura. Giorgio de Chirico, Alberto Savinio e Ruggero Savinio, catalogue edited by S. Pegoraro, Francavilla al Mare (Chieti), MuMi Museo Michetti, Palazzo San Domenico.
2007
De Chirico, catalogue edited by P. Baldacci, G. Roos. Padova, Palazzo Zabarella.
Giorgio de Chirico – Alberto Savinio. Colloquio, catalogue edited by L. Cavadini, S. Pegoraro, Lissone, Museo d’Arte Contemporanea.
Giorgio de Chirico and Greece: Voyage Through Memory, catalogue edited by T. Mavrotas – Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, Atene, Athinais Cultural Center; New York, The Onassis Cultural Center.
El siglo de Giorgio de Chirico. Metafísica y arquitectura, catalogue edited by V. Trione, Valencia, IVAM – Instituto d’arte moderna.
Renato Guttuso. La potenza dell’immagine, catalogue edited by F. Carapezza Guttuso e D. Favatella Lo Cascio, Palermo, Bagheria, Museo Guttuso.
Apocalisse. L’ultima rivelazione, catalogue edited by A. Gerett i e S. Castri, Udine, Casa delle Esposizioni; Rome, Musei Vaticani.
Giorgio de Chirico e un Novecento – prima e dopo la Transavanguardia, catalogue edited by G. Faccenda, Fiesole, Fiesole Musei.
Il teatro degli artisti, da Picasso a Calder, da de Chirico a Guttuso, scene, bozzetti e costumi dal Teatro dell’Opera di Rome, catalogue edited by M. Capella, Ciliverghe (BS), Musei Mazzucchelli.
2008
Giorgio de Chirico la “Metafisica continua”, Opere della Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, catalogue edited by M. Calvesi, Palermo, Galleria d’Arte Moderna.
Giorgio de Chirico (1988-1978). Eine metaphysische Reise / Giorgio de Chirico. A Metaphysical Journey, Paintings 1909- 1973, catalogue edited by G. Roos, Zurigo, Galerie Andrea Caratsch; Berlino, Galerie Michael Haas.
Giorgio de Chirico: Werke 1909-1971, catalogue edited by G. Roos, D. Schwarz, Winterthur, Kunstmuseum.
Giorgio de Chirico. Mito e Mistero, catalogue edited by S. Pegoraro, Castelbasso, Borgo Medievale.
Giorgio de Chirico: Il metafisico ovvero il teatro degli enigmi, catalogue edited by S. Costa, Ravenna, Palazzo Mauro de André.
De Chirico e il Museo, catalogue edited by M. Ursino, Rome, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna.
Giorgio de Chirico e il segno, catalogue edited by A. Baccilieri, Civitanova Marche Alta, Auditorium Sant’Agostino.
Giorgio de Chirico L’enigma nella pittura, catalogue edited by G. Faccenda, Pontedera, Museo Piaggio.
Omaggio a de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Porcella e G. Porcella, Rome, Galleria Ca d’Oro.
Giorgio de Chirico: 30 disegni, catalogue edited by C. Siniscalco, Rome, Studio S Arte Contemporanea.
2009
La magia della linea: 110 disegni di de Chirico dalla Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, catalogue edited by E. Pontiggia, Rome, Museo Carlo Bilotti, Aranciera di Villa Borghese.
Giorgio de Chirico. La Fabrique des Rêves, catalogue edited by J. Munck, Paris, Musée d’Art moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Giorgio de Chirico: La suggestione del classico, catalogue edited by V. Noel-Johnson, S. D’Angelosante and M. Romito, Cava de’ Tirreni – Galleria Civica d’Arte; Pavia, Scuderie del Castello Visconteo (2010).
Ingres et les moderns, catalogue edited by D. Salmon, Quebec, Musée National des Beaux Arts; Montauban, Musée Ingres.
Los Esquizos de Madrid, catalogue edited by M. Escribano, I. López Munuera, Madrid, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia.
De Chirico, Max Ernst, Magritte, Balthus. Uno sguardo nell’invisibile, catalogue edited by P. Baldacci, Guido Magnaguagno, Gerd Roos, Florence, Palazzo Strozzi.
La Natura secondo de Chirico, catalogue edited by A. Bonito Oliva, Rome. Palazzo delle Esposizioni.
De Chirico all’orizzonte. Un’odissea di luci e idee, catalogue edited by K. Robinson, Lacco Ameno, Ischia Complesso Museale di Villa Arbusto.
À toutes les morts, égales et cachées dans la nuit, catalogue edited by L. Busine, Grand Hornu, Musée des Arts Contemporains de la Communauté français de Belgique au Grand Hornu.
* Please note that the presence on this list in no way implies an automatic endorsement of authenticity, on behalf of Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico, regarding the attribution to Giorgio de Chirico of works on show in the exhibitions listed, reproduced in the relative catalogues or included as illustrations within an author’s essay published therein.